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Flies can turn off their immune response
Immunity :: Flies can turn off their immune response
After a role in initiating an NF-?B-mediated innate immune response to microbial challenge, AP-1 and STAT act to form part of a repressosome to down-regulate the transcription of antimicrobial peptides and thus to resolve the immune response.The fruit fly Drosophila has served as a good model for the induction of an innate immune response, pointing to conserved pathways and mechanisms. Recent work shows that the fly?s immune response is more subtly regulated and produces a wider range of responses than was thought possible even just a few years ago. In a study to be published this week in the premier open-access journal PLoS Biology, Young-Joon Kim and colleagues from Seoul, Korea show that the fly immune response is edited and repressed.
The authors report a mechanism of control that relies on the transcription factors AP-1 and STAT to prevent the excessive activation of the NF-?B?mediated immune response. Thus, AP-1 and STAT, renowned for their role in activating the NF-?B?mediated immune response, appear also to participate in its attenuation. In their role as negative regulators, AP-1 and STAT form a complex HMG protein and HDAC, proteins known to be involved in DNA bending and chromatin structure. This complex is then recruited to the promoter regions of NF-?B target genes, causing the chromatin structure near the NF-?B target genes to contract and the expression of NF-?B target genes to shut down. Kim and colleagues found that mis-regulation of this negative-feedback process increased the lethality of bacterial infection in Drosophila. In mammals, over-activated NF-?B?mediated immune responses can manifest in a utoimmune disease. Thus, feedback inhibition of NF-?B appears to be evolutionarily conserved to maintain properly balanced immune responses.
(Immunity :: Flies can turn off their immune response published at SpiritIndia on Tuesday, September 4, 2007)
Immunity
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